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Monday 25 February 2013

Frog fungi gone feral

(Image: Taryn Crispin, 2013)
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), or "Chytrid", is the fungi responsible for one of the most dramatic examples of vertebrate species decline present-day. 

The target class of vertebrates, amphibians, are typically bound to moist habitats in order to survive and successfully breed, and their skin is permeable to water, air and electrolytes. The physiological importance of the skin in amphibians makes them particularly vulnerable to skin infections, and their tight association with moist habitats makes them susceptible to Bd skin infection, as this fungi is believed to transfer and duplicate in water. 

The specific mechanism by which Bd causes fatality in amphibians is unclear, but it is generally agreed upon in the scientific community that it impairs the regulatory functioning of frog skin. 

Bd infection is spreading world-wide at an alarming rate, and it is believed that the global trading of frogs (as food for human consumption, and previously for pregnancy testing in humans) is responsible for this spread.

Countries where amphibian skin samples have tested positive for Bd, number of incidences of Bd per country shown as colour shematic. (Image: Global Bd-Mapping Project)

15 comments:

  1. Where is Bd originally come from?

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  2. It still is not clear where Bd initially reared its ugly head. Originally, Africa was the proposed site of origin for Bd, as the earliest evidence of Bd (1938) was in African clawed frogs, which had been traded globally for human pregnancy assays (till the 1960s). However, there has been recent genetic work that suggests that there is higher diversity in Bd in North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana, traded primarily for human consumption) than in African clawed frogs, suggesting that Bd may not have originated from Africa (http://bit.ly/YRXFn8).

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